X-Ray Structure Analysis and Topological Charge Density Studies of Gossypol Derivatives

Gossypol and gossypol derivatives are natural byproducts of a variety of cotton plant species that poses interesting chemical, biological, and medicinal properties that are currently heavily researched. Supporting evidence suggest that gossypol and gossypol derivatives act on the Bcl-2 proteins that have been linked to certain cancers. Gossypol amine derivatives, specifically, are actively researched and a variety of amine derivatives have already been synthesized. However, gossypol and its derivatives are challenging compounds to work with because many of its derivatives tend to exist in various tautomeric forms. When analyzing gossypol and its derivatives it is the complex electron configuration that dictates the chemical mechanism and biological activity. The following research provides a charge density study that describes in detail the electronic configuration via Bader\u27s topological analysis of di(methoxy)gossypol and di(propylamino) gossypol. In addition, a series of crystallographic studies of gossypol amine derivatives and di(methoxy)gossypol are also analyzed

X-Ray Structure Analysis and Topological Charge Density Studies of Gossypol Derivatives

Gossypol and gossypol derivatives are natural byproducts of a variety of cotton plant species that poses interesting chemical, biological, and medicinal properties that are currently heavily researched. Supporting evidence suggest that gossypol and gossypol derivatives act on the Bcl-2 proteins that have been linked to certain cancers. Gossypol amine derivatives, specifically, are actively researched and a variety of amine derivatives have already been synthesized. However, gossypol and its derivatives are challenging compounds to work with because many of its derivatives tend to exist in various tautomeric forms. When analyzing gossypol and its derivatives it is the complex electron configuration that dictates the chemical mechanism and biological activity. The following research provides a charge density study that describes in detail the electronic configuration via Bader\u27s topological analysis of di(methoxy)gossypol and di(propylamino) gossypol. In addition, a series of crystallographic studies of gossypol amine derivatives and di(methoxy)gossypol are also analyzed

6,6’-Dimethoxygossypol: Molecular Structure, Crystal Polymorphism, and Solvate Formation.

6,6’-Dimethoxygossypol (DMG) is a natural product of the cotton variety Gossypium barbadense and a derivative of gossypol. Gossypol has been shown to form an abundant number of clathrates with a large variety of compounds. One of the primary reasons why gossypol can form clathrates has been because of its ability to from extensive hydrogen bonding networks due to its hydroxyl and aldehyde functional groups. Prior to this work, the only known solvate that DMG formed was with acetic acid. DMG has methoxy groups substituted at two hydroxyl positions, and consequently there is a decrease in its ability to form hydrogen bonds. Crystallization experiments were set up to see whether, like gossypol, DMG could form clathrates. The following results presented prove that DMG is capable of forming clathrates (S1 and S2) and two new polymorphs (P1 and P2) of DMG have been reported

6,6’-Dimethoxygossypol: Molecular Structure, Crystal Polymorphism, and Solvate Formation.

6,6’-Dimethoxygossypol (DMG) is a natural product of the cotton variety Gossypium barbadense and a derivative of gossypol. Gossypol has been shown to form an abundant number of clathrates with a large variety of compounds. One of the primary reasons why gossypol can form clathrates has been because of its ability to from extensive hydrogen bonding networks due to its hydroxyl and aldehyde functional groups. Prior to this work, the only known solvate that DMG formed was with acetic acid. DMG has methoxy groups substituted at two hydroxyl positions, and consequently there is a decrease in its ability to form hydrogen bonds. Crystallization experiments were set up to see whether, like gossypol, DMG could form clathrates. The following results presented prove that DMG is capable of forming clathrates (S1 and S2) and two new polymorphs (P1 and P2) of DMG have been reported

Creación de la Biblioteca Virtual de la Universidad de El Salvador

In November 2001, the Central Library of the University of El Salvador publishes in Internet the first version of its Virtual Library (http://virtual.ues.edu.sv). The initial project contemplated the rescue in digital format of those old or damaged, that were greater interested for the university Community. At the present time, the Virtual Library of the UES has more than 1.000 full text stored documents in HTML, pdf and others; between these materials, they have the prestigious Magazine "La Universidad" (founded on 1888), university theses (from 1999 to the present), selected works of national authors, and works of investigation of educational college students. These electronic documents, originally conceived to support to educational students, are available for free in Internet, for any person that wishes to consult them

ENHANCING THE OPERATIONAL RESILIENCE OF CYBER- MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS (CMS) AGAINST CYBER-ATTACKS

Cyber-manufacturing systems (CMS) are interconnected production environments comprised of complex and networked cyber-physical systems (CPS) that can be instantiated across one or many locations. However, this vision of manufacturing environments ushers in the challenge of addressing new security threats to production systems that still contain traditional closed legacy elements. The widespread adoption of CMS has come with a dramatic increase in successful cyber-attacks. With a myriad of new targets and vulnerabilities, hackers have been able to cause significant economic losses by disrupting manufacturing operations, reducing outgoing product quality, and altering product designs. This research aims to contribute to the design of more resilient cyber-manufacturing systems. Traditional cybersecurity mechanisms focus on preventing the occurrence of cyber-attacks, improving the accuracy of detection, and increasing the speed of recovery. More often neglected is addressing how to respond to a successful attack during the time from the attack onset until the system recovery. We propose a novel approach that correlates the state of production and the timing of the attack to predict the effect on the manufacturing key performance indicators. Then a real-time decision strategy is deployed to select the appropriate response to maintain availability, utilization efficiency, and a quality ratio above degradation thresholds until recovery. Our goal is to demonstrate that the operational resilience of CMS can be enhanced such that the system will be able to withstand the advent of cyber-attacks while remaining operationally resilient. This research presents a novel framework to enhance the operational resilience of cyber-manufacturing systems against cyber-attacks. In contrast to other CPS where the general goal of operational resilience is to maintain a certain target level of availability, we propose a manufacturing-centric approach in which we utilize production key performance indicators as targets. This way we adopt a decision-making process for security in a way that is aligned with the operational strategy and bound to the socio-economic constraints inherent to manufacturing. Our proposed framework consists of four steps: 1) Identify: map CMS production goals, vulnerabilities, and resilience-enhancing mechanisms; 2) Establish: set targets of performance in production output, scrap rate, and downtime at different states; 3) Select: determine which mechanisms are needed and their triggering strategy, and 4) Deploy: integrate into the operation of the CMS the selected mechanisms, threat severity evaluation, and activation strategy. Lastly, we demonstrate via experimentation on a CMS testbed that this framework can effectively enhance the operational resilience of a CMS against a known cyber-attack

Las Sucesiones como Sujetos de Impuestos en el Derecho Tributario Salvadoreño

Siempre es preferible para la mejor comprensión de las cosas e ideas, comenzar por explicar en qué consiste antes de tratar de encerrarlos en una definición o concepto práctico concreto. Esto es así porque lo demuestra la lógica y las más elementales normas de la didáctica. Sin embargo, para nuestro estudio daremos por conocidos algunos conceptos. Principalmente de la doctrina general del Derecho civil, que servirán de base al desarrollo de nuestro tema. Te lo contrario, tendríamos que afrontar un estudio exhaustivo y seguramente interminable dentro de diversas ramas de la ciencia del Derecho. Lo anterior explica, porque comenzamos por recordar algunas definiciones sobre las cuales se ha fundamentado el estudio que hemos propuesto a la par de las relaciones que Asimismo consideramos de mucha relevancia. concepto sucesión. Acción y efecto de suceder, sinónimo de continuación y serie. En ese sentido amplio, se aplica como descendencia, prole herencia y aún como sinónimo de patrimonio. Suceder: Seguirse una persona a otra, heredar los bienes de una así, los hijos suceden a los padres como regla general y amplia, impersonalmente significa Efectuarse un hecho En este sentido se considera como sinónimo acontecer, advertir, pasar sobrevenir

Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822) (Calyptraeidae): an example of reproductive variability among gastropods

Fil: Zelaya, Diego Gabriel. División Zoología Invertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pechenik, Jan A.. Biology Department. Tufts University. Medford; USAFil: Gallardo, Carlos S.. Instituto de Zoología. Universidad Austral de Chile. Valdivia; Chil

Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822) (Calyptraeidae): An example of reproductive variability among gastropods

Reproductive characteristics of a species are often defined from a small number of individuals collected from a single location at one particular time. However, this study reveals that the South American gastropod Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822) shows an unusually high level of intraspecific variability in some key reproductive characteristics: the number of egg capsules brooded per female, the size of the egg capsules, the number of eggs per capsule and the sizes and size distributions of the uncleaved eggs. Larger females were more fecund than smaller ones, not because they produced more egg capsules, but because they produced capsules of significantly larger size. Such variability was evident not only when considering different populations, but also within a single population sampled in different years, as well as among specimens collected during a single sampling event. Thus our data emphasize the importance of obtaining information from numerous specimens per locality as well as from specimens from different localities and in different years when describing the reproductive characteristics of any particular taxon.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse